<p>The Giant Forest Lodge Historic District in Sequoia National Park includes the remnants of what was once an extensive National Park Service Rustic style tourist development for park visitors. Also known as Camp Sierra, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1978. Originally situated in the Giant Forest grove of giant sequoias, the district is notable for its nearly total demolition by the National Park Service to eliminate the impact of development on the Big Trees.</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>The first development in the Giant Forest took place in 1899, when a tent camp was set up in the grove. A road reached the site in 1903, and more permanent development followed. The first lodge was built in 1915. In 1921 the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Company erected the primary lodging area next to Round Meadow, the first area to be called "Giant Forest Lodge". The same year, Camp Kaweah was established to provide additional capacity. By 1926, a study commissioned by the Park Service indicated that the development was adversely affecting the trees. The following year the park superintendent, Colonel John White, first proposed the removal of the development. However, the concessioner was able to intervene with the director of the Park Service, and White was overruled. He was, however, able to impose limits on guest accommodations, the first such limits in the National Park system. In 1962 and 1965 two reports indicated that the hydrology of the area had been affected by development, and that the fire suppression made necessary by the proximity of buildings had created an unfavorable environment for new sequoia growth. Additionally, the influential Leopold Report on national park development, written by nature conservationist A. Starker Leopold, specifically criticized the Giant Forest development. By 1971 the park&#39;s master plan called for the reduction of human impact in the Giant Forest. By 1980 a consensus had developed for the relocation of the recreational facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Removal</h2><br>
<p>By the 1990s the Park Service had resolved to remove the development, and demolition began in 1997. It was completed in 2000 for the Giant Forest Lodge area with the removal of all buildings, roads, and infrastructure. New development was centered around the Gilbert Stanley Underwood Giant Forest Village Market building at nearby Camp Kaweah, which became the Giant Forest Museum in 2001. The facility is connected to the Giant Forest by shuttle bus.</p><br>
<p>The visitor accommodations were replaced by Wuksachi Village, located about five miles to the north and well away from the sequoia grove.</p><br>
<p>The demolition of the Giant Forest infrastructure is noteworthy as the most visible clash between the Park Service&#39;s role as a guardian of natural resources and its role as custodian of the National Register of Historic Places, when it had to determine which interest was more crucial.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church in Danville, Kentucky, was one of the first churches organized in the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky. Trinity Church is the oldest in-use church structure in Danville and the oldest continuously used Episcopal church building in the Episcopal Diocese of Lexington as well as the second oldest in Kentucky. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the Episcopal church in Kentucky dates to 1796 when Christ Church in Lexington was organized. It wasnt until 1809, however, that the parish was formally established when the first vestry was elected. In 1822 a second Episcopal church was established in Louisville, it too being named Christ Church. The building, which is now Christ Church Cathedral, was completed in 1824. In 1829 Reverend George T. Chapman, rector of Lexingtons Christ Church from 1820 to 1830, proposed the formation of a Diocese. In working towards this goal, Reverend Chapman visited Danville and organized a congregation. The group of local citizens who were instrumental in the formation of the new church were mostly physicians, lawyers, bankers, merchants, and landowners. Members of the committee formed to erect a church building included Dr. Ephraim McDowell and his wife, Sarah Shelby McDowell, daughter of Isaac Shelby, the first Governor of Kentucky. Another influential member and largest contributor to the church was James Birney, a wealthy merchant, who was the father of James G. Birney, the prominent abolitionist.</p><br>
<p>The new church building, completed in late 1830 or early 1831, was built by Robert Russel Jr., a local brick maker and mason. Russel, a native of Virginia, settled in Danville in 1805. He built almost all of the early brick buildings in Danville, including Old Centre in 1820. Russel&#39;s fees must have been modest for the vestry minutes indicate that it was decided to begin construction as soon as $1,500 had been subscribed. The new building was consecrated on June 3, 1831, by the Reverend William Meade, then assistant Bishop of the Diocese of Virginia, who was to become one of the most influential leaders of the Episcopal Church. The new Kentucky Diocese, having at this time no bishop of its own, had invited him to visit Kentucky to perform such functions as ordaining new clergy, confirming laymen, and consecrating churches.</p><br>
<p>The first rector of the parish was the Reverend Gideon McMilan. In addition to his duties as rector of Trinity Church, Reverend McMillan regularly traveled throughout the surrounding area on horseback, establishing missions in Harrodsburg and Lancaster. Reverend McMillan&#39;s service to the church was short lived, for he fell victim to the cholera epidemic of 1833, after ministering to the needs of the community. He was buried along the south wall of the church, which is now covered by the chancel.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church continued to grow and to hold regular services. In 1860, however, the church was severely damaged in a fire which destroyed most of the Danville commercial district. The day after the fire, the building was inspected and it was determined that the four walls of the church and the vestibule which remained intact, were structurally sound. A new roof and bell tower were constructed, as well as a recessed chancel. Also at this time the original window openings were replaced by paired lancet windows with wooden tracery and a quatrefoil design centered above. The remodeled interior was plain with a balcony and organ over the entrance, and the nave was covered with simple open-timber roof. Thus, after the restoration was completed in 1861, the church which had been constructed in a modified Federal mode, was transformed into a fine Gothic Revival structure. The church, which has remained unaltered, continues to be a good example of a Gothic Revival ecclesiastical design.</p><br>
<p>For several months in 1862 the newly restored church was used as a hospital for Union troops wounded in the Battle of Perryville, which took place on October 8, 1862. A drawing of the reception of the Union troops into Danville after the battle, which appeared in the November 8, 1862 issue of Harper&#39;s Weekly Magazine, clearly shows the outline of Trinity Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original church structure consisted of a rectangular block with a two-story vestibule projecting forward from the central bay of the facade. The walls of the vestibule, facade, and sides were laid in Flemish bond with queen closers at the corners. Two rectangular openings, filled with clear glass and Venetian shutters, were spaced along the sides. In 1842 a cupola was added to the vestibule to house the church bell. In the interior of the church, the ceiling was supported by two rows of three Doric columns. In the rear of the church (north wall) was a gallery for the organ and choir.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, the church was gutted and the roof destroyed in a fire. After the fire it was determined that the vestibule and the four walls that remained standing were structurally sound and that it would be safe to rebuild upon them. The reconstruction plans, implemented in 1860, called for several alterations which transformed the church into a Gothic Revival structure. The chancel was recessed and three lancet windows, the central opening being taller and broader than the others, were added over the altars. Two narrow lancet windows, designed to light the choir loft, were added in the facade, as well as one in the bell tower. The original rectangular openings were replaced by paired lancets, surmounted by a quatrefoil in a circle. All the windows were filled with stained glass and decorated with wooden tracery, with stone sills below and a keystone above.</p><br>
<p>The original cupola was replaced by a bell tower and a tall octagonal steeple which is crowned with a cross. Narrow louvered lancet openings are located on the four sides at the base of the steeple. Triangular vents are placed in the middle of the tower.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Harper&#39;s Weekly Magazine November 8, 1862.</p><br>
<p>The Giant Forest Village–Camp Kaweah Historic District is located in Sequoia National Park. It is notable as one of two registered historic districts in the park that were largely demolished as part of National Park Service efforts to mitigate the impact of park visitor facilities on the park&#39;s giant sequoia groves. They were in a vernacular National Park Service Rustic and American Craftsman Bungalow style.</p><br>
<p>Established in 1926 as a satellite facility for the main Giant Forest Lodge development, Camp Kaweah and Giant Forest Village provided lodging, concessions and camping for visitors to the Giant Forest grove. The construction of the Generals Highway gave impetus to new accommodations in the area. By 2001 the housekeeping camp facilities had been removed and the area converted to a day-use area.</p><br>
<h2>Camp Kaweah</h2><br>
<p>Camp Kaweah came first, starting as a frame tent camp in 1926. Permanent construction began that year. The permanent camp opened in 1927. The camp included 41 wood-frame cabins and an office in an area composed mostly of firs and pines, with a single giant sequoia. The cabins were built between 1926 and 1940 with low shingled roofs. Most cabins had outdoor cooking porches covered with canvas flies. One cabin became an employee residence. The office was built in 1926 and enlarged in 1938. The L-shaped structure is divided into office space and a 16 by by hall-like space with exposed timber roof framing. The log frame is exposed on the exterior. The 10 by by office wing features a sitting porch. The cabins were laid out according to a plan developed by Park Service landscape architect Merel S. Sager. The lower portion of Camp Kaweah was built beginning in 1935 with more cabins, bringing the total count to about 140 units. It was not included in the historic district, nor is the eastern portion of the upper Kaweah area.</p><br>
<h2>Giant Forest Village</h2><br>
<p>Giant Forest Village was developed as a concession and service area. Temporary buildings were moved to the site in 1926. Park Service landscape engineer Daniel Ray Hull established the site, and collaborated with architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood to have Underwoods firm design the Giant Forest Market in 1928. Underwood designed the Eddy Photographic Studio in 1929. A ranger residence was designed in 1931 by Sager, and a comfort station was added in 1932. All were designed in a compatible rustic style, though Underwoods market building used squared timbers to economize. The Market building measures about 120 by with gabled extensions on the ends that from the front imply an I-shaped plan. The front has a large band of windows and four pairs of doors. The comfort station matches the store. Other buildings, now vanished, included a gas station, a gift shop, a post office and other buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Change in use</h2><br>
<p>As a consequence of the decision to remove the Giant Forest Lodge development, itself a National Register district, the Camp Kaweah location was chosen to serve as a day-use-only visitor orientation facility. The Giant Forest Market, designed by Underwood, was rebuilt as the new Giant Forest Museum in 2001. The surrounding parking lots were built on the site of upper and lower Camp Kaweah, which were demolished. The comfort station and ranger residence remainA bus shuttle now connects the museum with the Giant Forest.</p><br>
<p>The visitor accommodations were replaced by Wuksachi Village, about five miles to the north and well away from the sequoia grove.</p><br>
<p>The Woodland Public Library is the oldest, and one of the last functioning Carnegie-funded libraries in California. It is on the National Register of Historic Places and is a contributing property of the Downtown Woodland Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woodlands library history began with ice-cream socials and book donations from community members, led by the women in the community in 1874. In 1891 a $500 donation helped the communitys efforts and led to the establishment of a free public library held in a small area in City Hall. In 1903 a grant from Andrew Carnegie was received in the amount of $10,000 for the construction of a public library. Dodge & Dolliver of San Francisco (whose work included the San Mateo County Courthouse and St. Johns Presbyterian Church in San Francisco) was to design the first phase of the library. Dodge & Dolliver designed the building based on Mission Revival architecture even though James Bertram, Carnegies personal secretary, objected to their choice. William Henry Curson, the contractor for the Woodland Opera House, was the contractor for the job.</p><br>
<p>Between 1915 and 1979 an agreement was made between the Yolo County Library System and the City Library. The two organizations shared the same building for administrative operations but the Yolo County Library had a separate service establishment. This led to Carnegie donating $12,000 in 1915 to expand the building. A west wing was added, designed by W.H. Weeks, with an entrance on Court Street with a sign that said "County Library" while the original entrance on First Street said "City Library".</p><br>
<p>In 1927-1929 another expansion occurred, and in 1985 voters approved a $2.5 million expansion that included the construction of the Leake Room and the interior courtyard. When the additions were completed in 1988, the building was twice as large.</p><br>
<p>All Faith Church, or All Faith Protestant Episcopal Church, is a historic church located at Charlotte Hall, St. Marys County, Maryland. It was built between 1766 and 1769. It is a one-story brick, laid in Flemish bond, building with a wood shingle roof. It is one of the best examples of preserved Georgian ecclesiastical design and construction in St. Marys County. All Faith is one of the original 30 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Chaptico, St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It was constructed in 1736 of Flemish bond brick construction with glazed headers, 60 feet long and 40 feet wide, with an original semicircular brick apse. In 1913, a three-story brick tower with octagonal belfry and spire was added to the west end of the church. The building was constructed under the supervision of Philip Key, vestryman, who was the great-grandfather of Francis Scott Key. The building was heavily damaged on July 30, 1814, during the War of 1812, when an admiral of the British fleet came ashore and took possession of the village of Chaptico. Surrounding the church is a cemetery with 18th, 19th, and 20th century markers, including a vault for the Key family. Christ Church Parish was one of the original 30 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>St. Andrews Church is a historic church located at 44078 St. Andrews Church Road, California near Leonardtown, St. Marys County, Maryland. It was built in 1766 to serve as the parish church of St. Andrews Parish, which had been established in 1744. It is a rectangular brick box church laid in Flemish bond with a gable roof and round-arched windows trimmed with brick segmental arches. At two corners stand two-story square brick towers with a diminutive spire. Richard Boulton designed the church in 1766; he was also responsible for the outstanding carving and ornamentation at Sotterley. George Plater , who briefly served as Maryland&#39;s governor before his death, was an active parish member, serving twenty-eight years as a vestryman.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>St. Georges Episcopal Church is a historic church located at 44965 Blake Creek Road, in Valley Lee, St. Marys County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1799 on the same site as three other, earlier churches. It is a one-story, five-bay, rectangular, gable-front, Flemish bond brick structure. The interior has been restored to its 1884 appearance. The church is surrounded by a graveyard, enclosed by a low brick wall. It is generally believed that St. George&#39;s is the site of the oldest Anglican church in Maryland whose parish is still in existence. William and Mary Parish, as it was originally known, was one of the original 30 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>St. Ignatius Roman Catholic Church, also known as St. Inigoes Church or The Cove Church, is a historic Catholic parish located in St. Inigoes, St. Marys County, Maryland. It is a direct descendant of Marylands first Catholic chapel, in St. Mary&#39;s City, whose communicants formed the first nucleus of American Catholicism. The parish fell under the umbrella of the first establishment of religious freedom in America by George Calvert and his sons, who established the Maryland colony as a refuge for persecuted Catholics.</p><br>
<p>St. Ignatius and its adjacent burial ground are situated on about two acres of land that are enclosed within a late 19th-century iron fence. The church was constructed between 1785 and 1787, with the sacristy added in 1817. The church walls are 21 inches thick, of brick laid in Flemish bond. Atop the roof is a small wooden belfry that in 1933 replaced a larger one in this same location.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Colonial relics</h2><br>
<p>The church contains artifacts from the original "The Ark" and "The Dove" sailing ships, which bore the first settlers to the Maryland colony in 1633–34.</p><br>
<h2>Stained glass depiction of local Indian chief in battle</h2><br>
<p>The church also has a very old stained glass depiction of the local paramount Indian Chief in battle with rival Indians. That Chief later converted to Christianity and was a member of the parish in the 1640s.</p><br>
<p>The St. Bonaventure Monastery is a complex of religious buildings, built for the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, located at 1740 Mt. Elliott Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Bonaventure Monastery was established in 1882, one of a number of late 19th century Roman Catholic institutions established in Detroit. At the time, the Capuchin friars wrote to then-Bishop of Detroit Caspar Borgess, seeking permission to establish a community of the Order in his diocese. The bishop responded by suggesting that they could serve as chaplains for the Eastside Historic Cemetery District and build a monastery in the city. The friars accepted the suggestion and were granted permission to start working in the diocese. In 1882 they moved into a small house on the cemetery grounds until the following year, when the monastery, sited across the street, was habitable.</p><br>
<p>The monastery was originally intended to serve the area&#39;s Catholic clergy and churches, but also provided emergency aid to the poor. During the Great Depression, the monastery was a major source of relief for poor East-Side workers. By 1931 the monastery was providing as many as 3,500 free meals per day through its soup kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>Blessed Solanus Casey</h2><br>
<p>The monastery is also significant because of its association with Blessed Solanus Casey, OFMCap. Solanus Casey was a Capuchin friar who served as the monastery porter 1924-1946, meeting visitors at the friary door. He also helped out at the Soup Kitchen, comforting the hungry, and was instrumental in obtaining food and supplies for the kitchen during the Great Depression. In 1966, his beatification process opened. His body was clothed in a new religious habit, placed in a steel casket, and re-interred beneath the north transept at St. Bonaventure&#39;s, where prayers are offered for the intercession of Fr. Solanus. Fr. Solanus was beatified in Detroit on November 18, 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Bonaventure Monastery consists of three buildings: the 1883 Gothic-influenced monastery (completed in 1913), the 1908 Soup Kitchen, and the 1939 Third Order Hall. All three buildings are constructed of red brick on a hand-dressed limestone foundation with extensive limestone trim. The monastery complex also contains a tiny cemetery and a 1960 mission building.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Mattapany-Sewall Archeological Site is an archaeological site in St. Marys County, Maryland. It is located at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station on a level terrace approximately 45 above sea level, less than 1000 south of the Patuxent River in an unused wooded/grassy tract. Documentary evidence identifies the site as Mattapany-Sewall, a manor established in 1663 and occupied from 1666 to 1684 by Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. It served as a governmental meeting place and colonial arsenal, and was the scene of the 1689 battle, known as the Protestant Revolution of 1689, in which Marylands Proprietary government was overthrown.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Frederic M. Sibley Lumber Company Office Building is an office building located at 6460 Kercheval Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1989 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. The building is known for being the beginning of a major trailer manufacturing company.</p><br>
<h2>Frederic M. Sibley</h2><br>
<p>Frederic M. Sibley was born in Detroit in late October, 1883. As an adult, he joined his fathers lumber company and acted as treasurer until his fathers death in 1912, after which he assumed the presidency of the firm. In 1922, the Sibley Lumber Company employed 400 people and was the second largest lumber firm in Detroit.</p><br>
<p>Sibley married Mabel Bessenger in August 1910. They had five children: Josephine, Frederic Jr., Dorothy, Suzanne, and Joy.</p><br>
<p>Sibley is also known for his cooperation with August Fruehauf in developing the first semi-trailers to haul lumber. Sibley, approached August Fruehauf, his blacksmith about modifying a wagon to transport an 18 boat. Sibley wanted to use his Model-T roadster rather than a slow moving horse and wagon. August Fruehauf and his partner, Otto Neumann took several days to devise a solution. They removed the back seat of the Model-T to support the front end of the wagon and fashioned a 5th wheel coupling to attach the wagon to the back of the automobile. August called it a semi-trailer. Sibley was impressed with the solution and ordered additional semi-trailers for his lumber company. Henry Ford canceled the warrantee on the modified Model Ts. August Fruehauf turned this invention into a goldmine. The Fruehauf Corporation manufactured these trailers for many years afterward.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Frederic M. Sibley Lumber Company Office Building was constructed in a Neo-Classical style in 1925. The two-story building is red brick, trimmed with limestone, and the legend "F. M. Sibley Lumber Co." is carved in the limestone lintel above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>Cecils Mill Historic District is a national historic district in Great Mills, St. Marys County, Maryland. It consists of four buildings: Cecils Mill, Cecil Store, the Cecil Home, and Old Holy Face Church. Cecils Mill is a -story wood-framed structure, that was used until 1959. Across from the mill is the store, house, and Holy Face Church. The store was constructed in the 1920s and is a good example of a rural store. The Cecil Home was constructed in the late 19th century. Old Holy Face Church is a -story frame church that was abandoned in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Charlotte Hall Historic District is a national historic district in Charlotte Hall, St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland. It encompasses a small village along "Old Route 5." It includes 13 recorded buildings and sites of historic and/or architectural interest as well as the main campus of the Charlotte Hall Military Academy.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Charlotte Hall Historic District Dent Chapel Jul 09.JPGCharlotte Hall Historic District, Dent Memorial Chapel, July 2009</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Xavier Church and Newtown Manor House Historic District is the first county-designated historic district in Saint Mary&#39;s County, the "Mother County" of Maryland and is located in Compton, Maryland, near the county seat of Leonardtown. The district marks a location and site important in the 17th-century ecclesiastical history of Maryland, as an example of a self-contained Jesuit community made self-supporting by the surrounding 700 acre farm. The two principal historic structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Archaeological remains associated with the site date back to the early colonial period, mid-17th century.</p><br>
<h2>St. Francis Xavier Church</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>St. Francis Xavier Church is the oldest Catholic church in continuous operation from the original 13 English colonies. The community was established by the Jesuits as a mission in 1640, after the conversion of Chitomacon, the Piscataway king. It was established as an independent parish in 1661.</p><br>
<p>The original parish church was located at the site of the present-day St Francis Xavier Catholic Cemetery. The second, existing church building, at the Jesuit&#39;s Newtown Manor site, dates from 1731, when Catholics met in clandestine houses of worship for safety.</p><br>
<p>In 1767, a vestibule and steeple were added at the west end, to identify the building as a church, and barrel vaulting was added in the nave. A sacristy with quarters for visiting priests was added in 1816. The Jesuits had moved their communities and school from St Inigoes and Newtown Manor to their present location in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>Saint Francis Xavier&#39;s Church is a frame, rectangular building with two octagonally shaped brick additions, located on a neck of land for accessibility to early worshippers arriving by boat. Their center wooden section is understood to be the oldest part of the structure and was dated through dendrochronology to circa 1731. The semi-octagonal brick vestibule dates to 1766/1767 and the semi-octagonal sacristy dates to 1816. The church has simple Federal woodwork, a mid-18th-century reredos, and an elegant triple-vaulted ceiling. The altar and reredos are crowned by a small dome.</p><br>
<p>The reredos contains a large altar-painting of the church&#39;s patron painted by the Brother Francis Schroen, S.J. circa 1910. The church building continues to serve as the parish church, for the parish of Saint Francis Xavier, a parish of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Newtown Manor House</h2><br>
<p>The current Newtown Manor House was originally constructed in 1789 to replace an older structure that may have been burned during the Revolutionary War. It is a -story brick, five-bay brick house with a pair of interior chimneys at each gable end. The structure originally had a gambrel roof, which was raised and changed to its present shape in 1816. The house, which belongs to the parish, is currently unoccupied.</p><br>
<p>The Holy Trinity Church, also known as the Church of the Holy Trinity  is a church located at 325 Gold Street in Juneau, Alaska. The present building was built in 2009, replacing an 1896 structure which burned on March 12, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The old church was designed by architect George E. James in the Carpenter Gothic style, and was built by Foss and Olsen in 1896 to serve a mission congregation founded only the year before. Sometime before 1914 the church building was raised up to allow the addition of a basement. The parish hall built in 1956 did not continue the Carpenter Gothic architecture of the church itself. From 1918-1944, the church served as the pro-cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Alaska. On October 19, 1978, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Engine House No. 18 is a fire station located at 3812 Mt. Elliott Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It is also known as Engine Company No. 18 Fire Station. It is the third oldest existing  fire station in Detroit. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Land for this Engine House was purchased in 1891 for $2100 (equivalent to $ in ). The building was designed by the Detroit architects George D. Mason and Zachariah Rice and constructed by Vinton & Co. for $20,228.14 (equivalent to $ in ).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Engine House is a two-story red brick building with trim of red-orange sandstone and salmon colored brick topped with a high double-pitch hip roof in the front and a lower roof in the rear. Dormers feature wooden cornices containing sculpted faces, serpents, and dragonheads. Two engine bays are located on the first floor, along with the station office, kitchen, and dining & recreation room. The sleeping quarters, officer&#39;s room, locker room and bathroom are on the second floor. A hose-drying chamber stretches from the first floor to the attic.</p><br>
<p>A rear addition to the original 1892 building was constructed in 1949; the site also houses a one-story, brick storage building at the rear of the lot.</p><br>
<p>The St. Theresa of Avila Roman Catholic Church is a church located at 8666 Quincy Street in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Theresa of Avila Roman Catholic Parish Complex consists of the church, rectory, school, and convent. All of the buildings are essentially Neo-Romanesque in character, and are constructed of dark red brick trimmed with Indiana limestone.</p><br>
<p>The church is in the Italian Romanesque style, with Byzantine and Art Deco influences. It has a gable front facade with towers at the sides. The entrance is through a five-arched, two-story Romanesque arcaded portico. Above the entrance is a round window flanked with arched niches.</p><br>
<p>The school is a three-story I-shaped building; the rectory is a five-bay center entrance house with Romanesque Revival details. The three-story convent building, which was built during the Great Depression, features more modest ornamentation. A central pavilion containing the entrance divides the building into three elements.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The St. Theresa of Avila Parish was built as an Irish-American parish, built at a time when the prosperity of the community was such that this magnificent complex could be afforded. The need for this building reflects the population boom in the city brought about by the automobile industry.</p><br>
<p>The parish was closed in 1989; the Allen Academy, a K-12 charter school, used the school building from 1999 to 2016.</p><br>
<p>From 1990 to 1998 the school was operated as Martyrs of a Uganda Catholic Academy with over 400 students at its highest enrollment. The adjacent parish remained closed during this time and mass was held at Martyrs of Uganda Catholic Church on 12th Street within the former property of St. Agnes.</p><br>
<p>St. Martin of Tours Episcopal Church is a historic stone Episcopal church building located at 2312 J Street in the South Omaha district of Omaha, Nebraska. Built in 1899 in the Late Gothic Revival style, it was designated an Omaha Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was the first Episcopal church established in South Omaha when the town was being developed. It is the only surviving Episcopal church in this community, which was settled chiefly by Catholic immigrants.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Very Reverend Frank Millspaugh, dean of Trinity Cathedral, founded St. Martin in 1876. Millspaugh and his successor George Worthington founded most of the Episcopal churches in Omaha. St. Martin was the first Episcopal church built when the former independent town of South Omaha was new.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s architecture was influenced by the Oxford Movement, which revived elements of historical Christian church styles and worship of the Middle Ages. The limestone for the church was salvaged from the remains of the Ralston mansion of Dr. George L. Miller, which burned down in the late 1880s.</p><br>
<p>As South Omaha developed rapidly, attracting many waves of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, the Episcopal church established new missions in the area. But, most of the immigrants were Catholic and established their own churches to continue their traditions. St. Martin of Tours is the only Episcopal church remaining in this area of Omaha. to</p><br>
<p>St. Charles Borromeo Roman Catholic Church is a church located at the corner of Baldwin Avenue and St. Paul Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The church address is 1515 Baldwin Street; The church address is 1515 Baldwin Street; the parish rectory is located at 1491 Baldwin and sits next door to the church. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1850s, Belgian Catholics immigrated to Detroit and settled in the eastside neighborhoods near Gratiot and Baldwin. In 1886, a parish dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo was established to minister to this congregation. A wood-frame church was constructed for the parish, and quickly expanded. As Detroit grew, the parish grew along with it, with French, German, Irish, Scotch, and English immigrant congregants in addition to the original Belgians. By 1920, the congregation numbered over 3000. By the 1930s, the school&#39;s population also included many Catholic children of Syrian and Italian immigrants.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, the two-story rectory and school was designed and built by Van Leyen & Schilling. In 1918, Peter Dederichs was awarded a contract to build an "edifice of Romanesque style for religious use". Just four years after the church was completed, it was expanded to meet the needs of the growing congregation.</p><br>
<p>The church is still used today, although the congregation has altered. The rectory serves its original function, and the school has been redeveloped as condos.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The St. Charles Borromeo parish complex consisted of four buildings, three of which are historically significant: the church itself, the rectory, and the school.</p><br>
<p>The church is built with red-brown tapestry brick on a white Bedford stone foundation, with trim of the same stone. The church is built in a Latin Cross plan, 92 feet across and 180 feet in depth. The design is Romanesque with Arts and Crafts elements. The front facade is flanked by asymmetric towers with red tiled hip-roofs. The entranceway is within a two-story arched structure with columns on each side, above which is a large rose window. Rosettes are in the spandrels above the entrance arches, and green tile fills the spandrels and pediments of the front and side facades. The decorative brick pilasters around the central arch are derived from Prairie School or Arts and Crafts models.</p><br>
<p>The main altar is Baroque in style. The organ was built in two sections to clear the rose window above the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>The school and rectory were designed in the Prairie style with some Byzantine elements.</p><br>
<p>Resurrection Manor was a historic home located near Hollywood, St. Mary&#39;s County, Maryland, United States. It was built amidst a 4,000 acre farm granted to Thomas Cornwaleys in 1650. It was an example of early brick architecture in the United States dating from about 1660 to 1720. It was originally built as a one-room house with a steep stair leading to the garret. A 1½-story addition was added to the house, transforming its footprint into a hall-and-parlor configuration.</p><br>
<p>Resurrection Manor was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1970. In 2002, the house was demolished to make room for a single-family home; National Historic Landmark designation for Resurrection Manor was withdrawn on February 17, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Roman Catholic Church is a church located at 5818 Dubois Street in Detroit, Michigan. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1898, the parish of St. Stanislaus was established to relieve the overcrowding in the Polish congregation of at St. Albertus. A church and school were purchased for the parish from the Protestant Bethel Church, and in 1900 a new elementary school was constructed. Reverend F. G. Zella was assigned as the first pastor. However, between 1905-1910 the population of the church doubled, and a new church was desperately needed.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, work began on a magnificent Baroque church with a lavish Beaux-Arts interior, which was completed in 1913. In 1921, a convent was built for the Felician Sisters who ran the school; seven years later, a high school was constructed. By the late 1940s, St. Stanislaus was the largest Polish parish school in Michigan.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the demographics of the neighborhood changed as the Polish Catholics moved out of the city and into the suburbs; in addition, the construction of Interstate 94 split the parish and displaced a number of families. Enrollment in the parish school declined, and the grade school was closed in 1968, the high school in 1973, and the convent demolished soon after.</p><br>
<p>The parish underwent a resurgence in the late 1970s, but the 1989 reorganization of the Archdiocese of Detroit eliminated the parish. The Archdiocese sold the structure to University of Michigan organist Sam Koontz of Ann Arbor, MI in 1989. The congregation of Promise Land Missionary Baptist Church purchased the church from Koontz&#39;s estate in 1995, but lost it through foreclosure in September 2012.</p><br>
<p>In January 2013, the church was for sale as-is for $79,000. It requires extensive work and several stained glass windows and other architectural elements had previously been removed. The school buildings house the Detroit Academy of Arts & Sciences and were not affected by the foreclosure and sale.</p><br>
<p>The Quinn Ranger Station, also known as the Quinn Patrol Cabin and Quinn&#39;s Horse Camp, is the only surviving ranger station from the time when Sequoia National Park was administered by the USA Army.</p><br>
<p>Sequoia was the second National Park to be established after Yellowstone National Park, and predated the establishment of the National Park Service. The one-room log cabin was built in 1907, in early National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>Tharp&#39;s Log is a hollowed giant sequoia  log at Log Meadow in the Giant Forest grove of Sequoia National Park that was used as a shelter by early pioneers. The log is named after Hale D. Tharp, who was described as the first Non-Native American to enter the Giant Forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tharp had arrived in 1852 in the goldfields around Placerville, becoming a cattleman rather than a miner. Tharp moved to the area of the Kaweah River in 1856, and with guides from the Potwisha people of the area he explored the mountains above. Tharp went back in 1860 with his two sons. They climbed Moro Rock and made an encampment near Crescent Meadows. It was not until 1869 that Tharp moved a cattle herd into the Giant Forest area.</p><br>
<p>Tharp established a small summer cattle ranch at Giant Forest and used a fallen log as a cabin. The log was hollowed by fire through fifty-five feet of its seventy-foot length. A fireplace, door and window exist at the wider end, with a small shake-covered cabin extension.</p><br>
<p>John Muir described it as a "noble den".</p><br>
<p>The Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank is a historic bank building at 316 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. The six story Romanesque Revival building was constructed in 1891 to a design by Stephen Earle. The building is unusual in downtown Worcester for its use of limestone and buff brick, and for its rounded corner bay. The building originally had plate glass and iron store fronts on its ground floor , but this was redone in matching limestone sometime after 1949.</p><br>
<p>THe Worcester Five Cents Savings Bank was founded in 1854 by Reverend Edward Everett Hale and others, and originally conducted business out of the bookstore owned by its first treasurer. When the institution had this building built, it first occupied the second story, while leasing the ground floor to the Quinsigamond Bank. The latter failed in 1902, and the bank then took over the ground floor as well. By 1953 it had expanded to occupy the entire building. The bank was merged into the Bank of New England in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and was included in the Mechanics&#39; Hall District in 1980. Some of its interior features, particularly the fine finishings of its original banking hall, have been covered over or lost. It served as the corporate headquarters of Chess King during the 1980s. In 2023 it was purchased as the future headquarters of Cunningham & Associates, a National Speciality Tax and Consulting Firm.</p><br>
<p>The Worcester Corset Company Factory is an historic factory building at 30 Wyman Street in Worcester, Massachusetts in the Main South neighborhood. The oldest part of the factory was built in 1895, with expansion of the facilities taking place up to 1909. The buildings were designed by Arthur F. Gray for the Worcester Corset Company, whose origins date to an 1861 business by David Hale Fanning making hoops for skirts, but shifted to manufacturing corsets after fashions changed. Fannings business was immensely successful, and he became one of Worcesters larger employers. At one point it employed over 2000 women. After the Corset Company folded in 1940, the facility was used to manufacture military-style boots. The factory is now an apartment complex.</p><br>
<p>The factory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Worcester City Hall and Common, the civic heart of the city, are a historic city hall and town common at 455 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. The city hall and common were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Common, established in 1669, originally encompassed about 20 acre, compared to its present size of 4.4 acre. A meeting house used for both town meetings and religious functions was constructed on the Common in 1719, on the same site as the current City Hall. In 1763, the first meeting house was demolished and what became known as The Old South Meeting House was constructed on the site. It was here, on July 14, 1776, that Isaiah Thomas publicly read the Declaration of Independence for the first time in New England.</p><br>
<h2>Salem Square</h2><br>
<p>Salem Square was a triangular-shaped plaza on the east side of Worcester Common. Facing the square were two churches, the First Baptist Church (c. 1830s), and the Congregational Church (c. 1848).</p><br>
<p>Most of Salem Square was eliminated in the early 1970s as part of the Worcester Center urban renewal project, which replaced the plaza with an office building, shopping mall, and parking garage.</p><br>
<h2>Notre Dame des Canadiens</h2><br>
<p>The Notre Dame des Canadiens was a landmark church which faced Salem Square and Worcester Common from 1929 to 2018. In the 1920s, the Catholic Church purchased the Baptist Church on Salem Square and razed it in 1927 to build a new church to serve the city&#39;s French Catholic population, the cathedral-like Notre Dame des Canadiens. The neo-Romanesque church measured 198 feet long, 91 feet wide, and 64 feet high, and ran from Trumbull Street to Salem Square. The building featured two towers with gold crosses and a 194-foot high bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Catholic diocese closed the church in 2008, due to falling attendance. The building was sold in 2010 and demolished in October 2018.</p><br>
<h2>City Hall</h2><br>
<p>Worcester City Hall was designed by Peabody & Stearns and built by the Norcross Brothers in 1898. The Italianate structure was built with a granite exterior, and was partly modeled after Italian Renaissance palazzos. Its tower shares some similarity to that of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy, and the interior of the building extensively uses marble, commonly seen in Italian Renaissance buildings, and features an interior courtyard where the upper floors have balconies supported by decorated round arches. City Hall is currently the 4th tallest building in Worcester.</p><br>
<h2>Burial ground, Civil War Memorial, and fountain</h2><br>
<p>Near the center of the Common is the meeting houses burial ground, marked by gravestones and the Bigelow Monument. The Soldiers Monument, located near the northeast corner of the Common, honors the 398 Worcester soldiers killed in the American Civil War. The Burnside Fountain, located near the southeast corner of the Common, provided water for horses, and features the sculpture Boy with a Turtle, commonly known as "Turtle Boy."</p><br>
<h2>Photo Gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Worcester Bleach and Dye Works is a historic factory complex at 60 Fremont Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It consists of a pair of primarily brick factory buildings, one of which was built in 1909, and the other built later, between 1911 and 1922, for the named company, which was a major local manufacturer of thread. After the Bleach and Dye Works closed its doors in 1938, the complex has seen a succession of other owners.</p><br>
<p>The Springdale Dye Works was founded in 1865, and initially operated near Southgate and Gardner Streets on Worcesters south side, and was at the citys industrial height one of six threadmakers. The business&#39;s name was changed in 1873 after one of several ownership changes, and in 1879 it moved to premises on Grove Street near the Washburn and Moen Wire Works. In 1888 the company built a wood-frame factory at 61 Fremont Street, across the street from the later buildings. This 1888 building was either demolished or partially incorporated into the building now standing on that site.</p><br>
<p>The first building of the present complex was built in 1909, across the street from the 1888 building. The two buildings were originally joined by a bridge over Fremont Street, evidenced by a doorway on the second floor of the front facade of 60 Fremont. The 1909 building is a two-story brick building that fronts directly to the sidewalk on Fremont and Delaware Streets. Its main facade is 18 window bays, and the only major decorative element is the entry bay, which is a Classical Revival style round arch, with granite steps leading up to a recessed entrance. The second brick building is a three-story structure, built in a similar style as the first one. The two are connected by a two-story wood-frame structure that runs the length of the first building, and joins at its southeast corner to the second building. This section was finished in stucco during a 1986 renovation, and is occupied by modern offices.</p><br>
<p>The Bleach and Dye Works closed in 1938. The next major occupant of the premises was the Economic Machinery Corporation, which machines for handling adhesive labels, and moved out in 1966. Capital Shoe Footwear, founded in 1955, moved in the following year, and was the last shoemaker in the city, closing its doors in 1984. The buildings were purchased by the Valkyrie Corporation the following year, modernized, and used for the production of small leather goods.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Woodland Street Historic District is a historic housing district in the Main South area of Worcester, Massachusetts. It consists of 19 Victorian houses that either face or abut on Woodland Street, between Charlotte and Oberlin Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Located directly adjacent to the campus of Clark University, some of the buildings are used by Clark for housing and administration.</p><br>
<p>When Woodland Street was first developed beginning in the late 1860s, it was on the fringes of development in the city. Seven houses were built on the west side of the street, on large lots, and only a few were built on the east side. In the 1890s development accelerated as growing demand for housing pushed the urbanized parts of the city closer to the area. By 1904, the large lots on the west side were subdivided and filled in with additional houses, and the east side was fully developed.</p><br>
<p>The houses built in the second phase are either Queen Anne (those built early in the 1890s) or Colonial Revival (those built later). The Frank Heath House at 11 Loudon Street is a particularly notable Colonial Revival house, with a high hip roof, a full front porch, and Palladian windows.</p><br>
<h2>Development of the neighborhood</h2><br>
<h3>Second Empire Period (c. 1868-1870)</h3><br>
<p>The houses that were built in the first phase of development are predominantly Second Empire in their styling such as the J.E. Drury House built c. 1869 (104 Woodland), with the exception of the Italianate Charles Kirby House built c. 1870 (105 Woodland). The Henry G. Taft House built c. 1868 (118 Woodland) was originally owned by Henry Gordon Taft of Uxbridge, who served as the Commissioner of Worcester County from 1876 to 1903. Three of the five original Second Empire houses—the Andrew Schofield House (c. 1868), Sumner Wallace House (c. 1870), and William Brason House (c.1870) -- have been destroyed.</p><br>
<h3>Gothic Revival Period (c. 1876-1881)</h3><br>
<p>Growth slowed in the decade following the Panic of 1873, when just three Gothic Revival houses were built. The Corner House built c. 1876 (142 Woodland) was first occupied by John R. Hill, owner of the National Manufacturing Company, and currently houses the International Center at Clark University. The building "has an unusual L floor plan with the main entry of the house located at the junction of the two wings," and the exterior remains "virtually unaltered" with "gable aprons, decorated window caps, and a fine, original front porch." The Henry T. Farrar House was built next circa 1877 (112 Woodland). The final Gothic Revival house built in 1881 (114 Woodland) was designed by Worcester architectural firm Barker & Nourse for Wade H. Hill, owner of the W.H. Hill Envelope Manufacturing Company. The building now houses the Center for Counseling and Personal Growth at Clark.</p><br>
<h3>Queen Anne Period (1888-1898)</h3><br>
<p>Homer Caldwell House, 24 Loudon St. (1888), Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>Carriage House, 125 Woodland St. (1890), Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>Hampton House (formerly All Souls&#39; Universalist Church), 111 Woodland St. (1891), Queen Anne; Arthur F. Gray, architect.</p><br>
<p>J.F. Warren House, 10 Norwood St. (1892-1893), Queen Anne; John B. Woodworth, architect.</p><br>
<p>Edgar Reed House, 106 Woodland St. (1894), Queen Anne; John P. Kingston, architect.</p><br>
<p>J.E. Dickson House, 138 Woodland St. (1894), Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>Harrington House, 130 Woodland St. (1898), Queen Anne.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial Revival Period (1900-1904)</h3><br>
<p>Anderson House, 12 Hawthorne St. (1900), Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>Cohen Lasry House, 11 Hawthorne St. (1900-1902), Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>Beck House, 11 Loudon St. (1904), Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>The Woodland Street Firehouse is an historic fire station at 36 Woodland Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is one of the finest of Worcester Victorian-era firehouses. The two story brick building was built in 1886 in a Queen Anne style, with some Romanesque details. It is nearly identical to Worcester&#39;s Cambridge Street Firehouse; both were designed by Fuller & Delano and built the same year.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is no longer used as a firehouse. Engine 10 ran out of this station until 1979 when it moved to Park Ave until the company was eliminated in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Woodford Street Historic District includes a cohesive collection of five triple decker houses at 35–39 and 38–40 Woodford Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1926, they are a well-preserved group of Colonial Revival houses built in the last phase of the city&#39;s triple decker development. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Woodford Street is a residential street located on the eastern edge of Worcester&#39;s southeastern Vernon Hill neighborhood, running north-south between Koping and Holcombe Streets, parallel to Massachusetts Route 122A. The five houses of this district are located near the southern end of the street. All five were built c. 1926, and are predominantly Colonial Revival in style, although with some Craftsman features. Instead of having a more typical polygonal bay on one side of an asymmetrical facade, these houses have panels of four windows that do not project. They all have clapboard siding on the first level, shingle siding on the upper level and a fully pedimented gable end, with a wide cornice that has regularly spaced brackets. Porches are three-level, although each level generally has different styling.</p><br>
<p>These houses were built during the last decade of Worcester&#39;s triple decker development phase. The neighborhood attracted a number of middle-class and predominantly Jewish families, many of whom moved from the Grafton Hill area further north. Early owners and residents included a number of merchants or merchant employees; Max Katz, who owned the two houses at 38 and 40 Woodford was the president of a local brickmaking firm, and also owned a number of other residential properties.</p><br>
<p>The William Trowbridge Forbes House was a historic house at 23 Trowbridge Road in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1898 to a design by Barker & Nourse, it was one of the city&#39;s finest examples of Tudor Revival architecture, and was home to Esther Forbes, author of Johnny Tremain. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The house was demolished in November 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William Trowbridge Forbes House was located in a residential setting northwest of downtown Worcester, and just south of the campus of Worcester Polytechnic Institute on the west side of Trowbridge Street. It was a large -story wood-frame structure, with steeply pitched gables, diamond pane windows, and extensive half-timbered stucco exterior. A stone terrace extended along its southern facade.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1898 to a design by Barker & Nourse, and it was a prominent local example of the Tudor Revival. It was supposedly built on the site of an early example of residential construction in concrete, designed by Elbridge Boyden; that house was demolished because it could not accommodate modern amenities such as indoor plumbing and electricity. William Forbes, the owner, was a local lawyer and politician who served in the state legislature and as a probate judge. His wife Harriette Merrifield Forbes is locally notable for her interest in, and photography of, local architectural history, and for organization of a local suffragette society that met at the house. Her daughter was Esther Forbes, the writer of children&#39;s books best known for Johnny Tremain.</p><br>
<p>The Whitcomb Mansion  is a historic house at 51 Harvard Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is a high Victorian  mansion that was built in 1879 as the home of George H. Whitcomb, one of the city&#39;s leading businessmen and philanthropists. It is also one of the few surviving houses designed by noted Worcester architect Stephen Earle.</p><br>
<p>George Whitcomb, a Templeton, Massachusetts native, made a fortune in the business of manufacturing envelopes. In addition to this business, he also dealt in real estate in Worcester and elsewhere. He was active in a number of charitable causes, notably educational causes across the country. After his death in 1918, his house was given to the Society for the Blind.</p><br>
<p>The house Earle designed for Whitcomb is an asymmetrical polychromatic three story granite structure measuring 40 ft by 70 ft. Its front facade is divided into three sections, the central one a projecting gable-ended entry. The front door is flanked by sidelights and is topped by a half-round window, all slightly recessed in an archway. Above the door on the second level of the entry section are a pair of windows, in front of which is a decoratively embellished cast iron balcony. The gable also contains a pair of windows, above which the point of the gable is filled with lighter-colored triangular granite stones. The left section of the main facade is two stories, but the roof is pierced by a single steeply-pitched gable dormer. The right section also has a gable dormer, but is truncated because of the presence of a round tower, which is a full three stories high and is topped by a conical roof. Behind the house stands a carriage house, a single story structure built of local stone, topped by a steep slate roof and cupola.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house has retained some of its original details despite alterations made to accommodate the Society for the Blind&#39;s use of the building. The downstairs rooms are decorated in a variety of exotic wood finishes, and the walls and ceilings are covered in decorative paintings. The upstairs rooms are finished in cherry, ash, and maple.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed twice on the National Register of Historic Places: as an individual listing in 1777 (as Whitcomb House) and as part of a multiple resources listing in 1980 (as Whitcomb Mansion).</p><br>
<p>The William McFarland House is an historic house at 525 Salisbury Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is a -story wood-frame Cape style structure, with a side-gable roof, central chimney, clapboard siding, and rubblestone foundation. Its main facade is three bays wide, slightly asymmetrical, with a center entrance flanked by pilasters and topped by a modest entablature. Probably built sometime between 1743 and 1759, the house is one of Worcester&#39;s oldest surviving structures. It was probably built by William McFarland, Sr., a lieutenant in the American Revolutionary War, and remained in that family for over 100 years.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Rice-Hogg House is an historic house at 54 Elm Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1853 and substantially altered in 1897, it is a prominent local example of Colonial Revival architecture. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Rice-Hogg House is located west of downtown Worcester, at the southwest corner of Elm and Ashland Streets. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a truncated hip roof and clapboarded exterior. Gabled dormers pierce the roof face, and the roof eave is decorated with modillion blocks. Its front facade has a Corinthian porch sheltering a center entry flanked by bay windows. Ground floor windows on the Ashland Street facade are topped by half round fanlight, and the upper floor windows are topped by projecting cornices.</p><br>
<p>The original Victorian house was built in 1853 by William Merrick Rice, a prominent businessman, former State Senator, and descendant of the first permanent settler of Worcester, Jonah Rice. It was significantly altered according to plans by Fuller & Delano in 1897 for William James Hogg. Hogg was the owner of the Worcester Carpet Company, one of the largest such businesses in the city (located in what are now known as the Whittall Mills). Hogg sold the family interest in the carpet business in the early 20th century, and engaged in philanthropic pursuits, serving as a director of Quinsigamond National Bank and as president of the Worcester Agricultural Society. The house was sold to Mrs. Hester Knowles in 1906 before selling to Jerome George Sr. In 1945, Becker College purchased the house for main campus classrooms/offices (Ashland Hall and then the Medical Secretarial Building) before converting it to a female dorm named Stobbs Hall from 1960-1999. After 1999, the house was used as a single-family home.</p><br>
<p>A photo of the house appears on page 490 of the 1899 book.</p><br>
<p>The Willard Richmond Apartment Block is an historic apartment house at 43 Austin Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built sometime between 1879 and 1886, it is one of the first apartment blocks built in the Main-Wellington-Chandler area, which had one of the city&#39;s highest concentrations of such buildings by 1900. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Willard Richmond Apartment Block stands on the southeast corner of Austin and Irving Streets, a short way southwest of Worcester&#39;s central downtown area. It is a four-story brick structure, with granite trim. It is basically a mostly rectangular L shape, with a corner missing at the southeast of the building. The street-facing facades have a stringcourse of granite between the partially-exposed basement and the first floor, with another above the first floor window lintels. First floor windows are set in square openings, while those on the second and third floors are set in segmented-arch openings. The fourth floor windows are set in round-arch openings with brick headers and granite keystones, with a band of corbelled brickwork joining the windows at the base of the arched portion. Windows above the main and secondary entrances are treated differently: those above the secondary (Irving Street) entrance have segmented-arch openings. On the second-level above the main entrance are two round-arch windows, with a rectangular one above them, separated by a decorative panel from a large round-arch window at the top.</p><br>
<p>The building was built sometime between 1879 and 1886, and was one of the earliest buildings in what became, by 1900, one of the city&#39;s largest apartment house districts, the Main-Wellington-Chandler area. This area, convenient to downtown Worcester, experienced rapid growth in the 1880s and 1890s. Many of its apartment blocks have since been torn down, and this is one of a few surviving remnants of that past.</p><br>
<p>The Whittall Mills is an historic industrial complex in southern Worcester, Massachusetts. The complex, which was built between 1870 and 1930, is a reminder of the large carpet manufacturing business that was once a major presence in the city. It is a complex of 15 brick buildings located on a bend of the Middle River , south of Crompton Street and just west of Interstate 290.</p><br>
<p>The mill complex has its origins in about 1870, when the first of the surviving buildings, a three-story brick building with a mansard roof, was erected by the Crompton Rug Company. It was followed a few years later by a dye house. Crompton Rug went out of business in 1879, and these premises were leased to William Hogg, who eventually formed the Worcester Carpet Company, which expanded the complex with a second major mill and the purchase of additional water rights in 1893.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Whittall, who first gained notice as a supervisor at Crompton Rug, had opened his own factory in other parts of Worcester in 1874. By 1883 his business had grown, and he acquired land next to the Crompton works, where he built a series of buildings over the next 23 years. At the time of the First World War, Whittall was the largest employer in south Worcester, with 1,500 workers operating 350 mills in 500,000 square feet of factory space. The products he produced were purchased by the federal government for use in its buildings, and were selected by President William McKinley for use in the White House.</p><br>
<p>Whittall sold the mills in 1950. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Wesley Davis Three-Decker is a historic triple decker house in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is a well-preserved example of a Stick-style building that was typical of the early phases of triple-decker construction in the city. This house was built c. 1890; its first documented owner was Wesley Davis, a doctor who did not live in the immediate area. Subsequent owners, like many of the building&#39;s occupants, were employed in and around local factories. The building follows a typical side hall plan, and is noted for its porch, which extends the full height of the building over one of the front bays, and has retained all of its original decorative woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Wellington Street Apartment House District of Worcester, Massachusetts encompasses a collection of stylistically similar apartment houses in the city&#39;s Main South area. It includes sixteen properties along Jacques Avenue, and Wellington and Irving Streets, most of which were built between 1887 and 1901. The notable exception is the Harrington House at 62 Wellington Street, a c. 1850s Greek Revival house that was virtually the only house standing in the area before development began in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The first other building in the area was also a single family residence, the brick and stone Queen Anne Victorian built in 1855 by Thomas Barrett at 41 Wellington. This was followed in the next few years by six smaller apartment houses that were built with floor plans similar to Worcester&#39;s many wood frame triple deckers, but they were built of brick and trimmed in stone. These buildings (23, 25, 37, and 45 Wellington, and 1 and 5 Jacques) were generally owner-occupied.</p><br>
<p>The development that followed these early buildings was done by developers building income properties, which were larger (at least two apartments per floor), and followed a central hall plan that such apartment blocks followed elsewhere in the city. These were built of brick or stone, and generally trimmed in stone. The only non-residential building in the district is the Gothic Revival First Freewill Baptist Church, designed by Lawrence, Massachusetts architect George G. Adams and built in 1888.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Webster Street Firehouse is a historic fire station at 40 Webster Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. The brick -story building was built in 1893 to a design by the local architectural firm of E. Boyden & Son. Its main facade is visually eclectic, with yellow brick and terracotta elements, brick pilasters topped with foliate decoration, and an arched window surmounted by a tower with iron cresting. There is a central four sided tower with open belfry that is topped by a steeply pitched roof.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was demolished circa 2000, a new fire station was built in its place.</p><br>
<p>The Millbury Street Head Start is a historic school building at 389 Millbury Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. The building, a Romanesque brick structure built in 1898-99, was originally called Millbury Street Schoolhouse #4 and was later known as the Ward Street School. Designed by J.W. Patston, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It now houses Head Start programs run under the auspices of the Worcester Public Schools.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Millbury Street School is located southeast of downtown Worcester, on the east side of Millbury Street at Harlem Street in the Vernon Hill neighborhood. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, built out of red brick and covered by a hipped roof. The roof has wide side dormers, and a central projecting gable-ended section projects to the north (toward Harlem Street). At either end of the projecting section, rounded archways shelter recessed entrances. The building foundation is rock-faced granite, and it has sandstone trim elements.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by J. W. Patston and was built in 1898-99. It is the last of four similar schools to be built at the time in the city, and is the least altered of those that survive. At the time of its construction, the parcel on which it was built had three other schools on it, all of which were subsequently demolished by encroaching residential and highway development (the building is just east of Interstate 290.</p><br>
<p>The Waldo Street Police Station is a historic former police station on Waldo Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1918 to a design by George H. Clemence, it is a distinctive local example of Renaissance Revival architecture. It served as the city&#39;s police headquarters and district until 1980, and now houses commercial tenants. The building, now part of One Exchange Place, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Waldo Street Police Station is located in downtown Worcester, at the corner of Waldo Street and Exchange Street. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of red brick and terracotta trim and set on a high foundation. Its two main entrances face Waldo Street, set recessed in rounded arches surrounded by elaborate terracotta carvings; the north entrance is marked "Police" while the south one is marked "Courts". A cornice separates the second and third floors, and the third-floor windows are set in groups in round-arch recesses. Each window in the group has a rounded top, and the group is topped by a round decorative panel. The building has a heavily bracketed cornice.</p><br>
<p>The station was built in 1918 to a design by local architect George H. Clemence, to replace the city&#39;s 1880s-era police headquarters. The building was closed as a police station in 1980. Now known as One Exchange Place, it has a variety of commercial and professional tenants.</p><br>
<p>The WCIS Bank is a historic and unusual bank building at 365 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is fashioned out of two separate buildings, each of which has served as a home for the Worcester County Institution for Savings, the countys first chartered savings bank . The older part of the building, from c. 1851, is at the corner of Foster and Norwich Street, and was built as a joint venture between the banks parent, the Worcester Bank, and the Boston and Worcester Rail Road. It is a granite structure three stories high, decorated in Italianate styling. It originally featured windows with broken-scrolled pediments on the second story, and bracketed flat hoods over the windows on the third story, but these and other details were compromised by stuccoing done in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The WCIS moved to a newly-constructed building at the corner of Main and Foster (365 Main Street) in 1906. This is also a granite three story building, with large Doric columns in the center of its main facade. These front the main banking hall, which is located in the building&#39;s center. Needing additional space, the bank repurchased the Foster Street building, and joined the two together in 1953. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Worcester County Institute for Savings was established in 1828, and remained in close association with its parent organization, the Worcester Bank, until 1903. The bank&#39;s presidents include a number of Worcester luminaries, including Daniel Waldo, Alexander Bullock, Stephen Salisbury II, and Stephen Salisbury III. The bank was merged into the First National Bank of Boston in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The W. H. Goulding House is an historic house in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States. Built sometime before 1849 for Henry Goulding, a local industrialist, it is a good local example of Greek Revival architecture. It was moved by Goulding in 1850 to make way for a more opulent Italianate house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The W.H. Goulding House is located north of downtown Worcester, at the northeast corner of Dix and Lancaster Streets. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the entrance in the leftmost bay, flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by a transom window. The front porch extends across the entire front, its hip roof supported by fluted Doric columns. Ground floor windows on the front are elongated in the Greek Revival style, and the building corners have paneled pilasters rising to an entablature.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1847 and 1849, and was originally located at 26 Harvard Street. The owner was Henry Goulding, owner of some of Worcesters largest industrial businesses and founder of the Worcester Mechanics Association. In 1850 Goulding moved the house to its present location so that he could build a more opulent Italianate house on that site, and sold it the same year.</p><br>
<p>The View Street Historic District is a residential historic district in Worcester, Massachusetts. It contains eleven triple decker houses, nine of which are particularly well preserved. They were built between 1916 and 1930, during the late phase of triple decker construction in the Vernon Hill area, and have Colonial Revival styling. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>View Street was laid out in the 1910s, as development of Worcester&#39;s east side pushed into the steeper terrain of Vernon Hill. The area was attractive to the working classes, for it had good views, and the streetcar that ran on Vernon Street provided ready access to the city center and factories. 8 View Street, among the first houses to be built c. 1916, has a gambrel roof and a two-level porch supported by slender Tuscan columns. The houses at 9 and 16 View Street have had synthetic siding applied, compromising their historic styling. Those at 10, 11, 14 and 15 View Street are relatively simple rectangular blocks with gable roofs and recessed two-level porches with a simple rectangular opening at the third level. 7 View Street differs from the others in being clad completely in shingles, where the others are generally clapboarded. The porch at 12 View Street is capped by a projecting gabled pediment, and its cornice features regularly spaced brackets. Early occupants of these buildings were typically skilled laborers or lower-class office and commercial workers.</p><br>
<p>The Upsala Street School is a historic school building at 36 Upsala Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1894 and twice enlarged, it is a good local example of a Romanesque Revival school building, designed by local architect George Clemence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The building has been converted into senior living apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Upsala Street School building is located in southeastern Worcester&#39;s Vernon Hill neighborhood, at the southeast corner of Upsala and Louise Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, covered by a hip roof. The main facade is symmetrical, with a large central projecting section which has the main entry recessed inside a round archway, which is flanked by a pair of smaller blind arches. Above the entry is a shallow balcony with a sandstone plaque identifying the building. Hip-roof dormers project from the roof, and tall chimneys are finished panel brick.</p><br>
<p>The school was designed by architect George Clemence and its oldest section, the front, was completed in 1894. The city had the school built to meet demand spurred by the growth and development of the surrounding neighborhood. Additions were added to the south in 1902 and 1923 to meet increasing demand. The 1902 addition is stylistically similar to the original main block, and may have formed part of the original design. The 1923 addition is finished in red brick, but has sandstone trim and a flat roof, which distinguish it from the earlier construction.</p><br>
<p>The Timothy Paine House, also known as The Oaks, is a historic house at 140 Lincoln Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in the mid-1770s, it is one of the city&#39;s oldest buildings, and a good example of Georgian and Federal styling. It was built by Timothy Paine, a note local judge who fled during the American Revolution due to his Loyalist leanings. The house has been owned by the Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, since 1914 and uses it as a chapter house. It is open by for tours from May- October or by appointment. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Timothy Paine House is located in northeastern Worcester, set on a 1 acre lot between Lincoln and Paine Streets in the Brittan Square area. It is set back from Lincoln Street, which was historically the main road between Worcester and Boston. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The house&#39;s main entrance was originally on its south facade, but a new main entrance was placed on the east (Lincoln Street) facade some time after its construction.</p><br>
<p>Timothy Paine acquired 300 acre of land in this part of Worcester in 1767, and began developing it as a country estate in 1774. His Loyalist leanings were noted early in the American Revolution, and he was forced by a mob to resign his post as mandamus councilor to the governor. He eventually fled to Halifax, Nova Scotia; his son returned after American independence and recovered the property. The house was significantly enlarged and given Federal styling during his ownership. It passed through three more generations of Paines until 1914, when it was purchased by the local DAR chapter.</p><br>
<p>The Tilley Raymond House is a historic house in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1847 by a prominent local builder, it is a well-preserved local example of a once popular Greek Revival side hall style house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Raymond House is set on the north side of George Street, a side street that steeply climbs the hill to the west of Worcester&#39;s Main Street and downtown. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, and clapboard siding. The building corners are pilastered, and a single-story porch extends across the front, with fluted Doric columns rising to an entablature and hip roof. The wall under the porch is flushboarded, with long sash windows and the entrance set in the leftmost of three bays. The gable above is fully pedimented, with a sash window at the center.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1847 by Tilley Raymond, who, along with Horatio Tower, became one of Worcester&#39;s leading builders of the 1840s and 1850s. Raymond eventually left for California, apparently to capitalize on the gold rush, and the house was taken over by his son Edward. Edward Raymond was a veteran of the American Civil War, and served locally as the chief of police and clerk of the district court. He was admitted to the bar in 1880 after studying with George Hoar. The house was converted into apartments in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The Cattle Cabin is a one-room log cabin that was built in the Sierra Nevada by Hale D. Tharp and two partners in 1890, in present-day Sequoia National Park, California.</p><br>
<p>Cattle Cabin is located in the Giant Forest of giant redwoods (Sequoiadendron giganteum), and is associated with Tharp&#39;s Log as a structure supporting ranching operations in the area. The cabin and the surrounding lands were bought by the National Park Service in 1916.</p><br>
<p>Ruthmere, formerly the Albert and Elizabeth Beardsley Residence, is a three-story Beaux-Arts mansion that is the most prominent historic residence in Elkhart, Indiana, United States. Built in 1910, the Ruthmere Mansion is now open to the public as a museum, along with the neighboring Dr. Havilah Beardsley House.</p><br>
<p>Ruthmere is located along the St. Joseph River in Elkhart. The architect was Enock Hill Turnock, commissioned by Albert and Elizabeth Beardsley in 1908. The Beardsleys named the mansion in memory of their only child, Ruth, who died at seven months. ("Mere" reflects the Latin root maris and refers to the home&#39;s proximity to water.) The mansion was a place of business, family, political and social gatherings until the deaths of the Beardsleys in 1924. Robert Beardsley of The Beardsley Foundation purchased the mansion in 1967 with the main goal of restoring it to its original beauty in order to create a museum for the community. Restoration took place between 1969 and 1973 when the mansion was made available to the public. The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and the Beardsley Avenue Historic District was established several years later.</p><br>
<h2>Interior design and decor</h2><br>
<p>Ruthmere is a three-story house with a basement. The first floor consists of the library, drawing room, dining room and kitchen area. The second floor is private bed and bathrooms and the service quarters. The third floor is primarily for storage. The basement has a game room and working area of house (boiler, wash room). There is also a tunnel that connects the game room to the greenhouse.</p><br>
<p>Cuban mahogany is the primary wood on the first floor. Pomegranates, a symbol of wealth and prosperity, are found throughout the house carved in plaster and wood as well as stenciling on ceilings. Silk wall coverings are used in a majority of the rooms instead of wallpaper. Hand-painted stencils adorn many ceilings. Hand-painted murals of scenes of Italy also adorn walls and windows.</p><br>
<p>The house also has a fine art collection, part of the museum&#39;s collection, displayed throughout the house. You can find Louis Comfort Tiffany lamps and windows as well as Auguste Rodin sculptures.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior architecture and design</h2><br>
<p>Ruthmere was designed by E. Hill Turnock in an eclectic Beaux-Arts style with Prairie School accents. The three-story structure is faced with buff-colored Belden brick from Ohio and native Indiana limestone. Carved stone quoins, capitals, cartouches and window surrounds add exterior interest.</p><br>
<p>The covered entrance is supported by square brick pillars created by carved limestone capitals. A balustraded marble piazza across the south facade extends to the east side of the building where a porte-cochere protects visitors as they arrive by carriage or car. From the east porch a covered walkway leads to a greenhouse.</p><br>
<p>The garage is located to the north of the house. Originally the second floor was an apartment for the chauffeur. In 1980, it was turned into The Robert B. Beardsley Arts Reference Library of American Domestic Architecture and Decorative Arts. The library is a free facility, open to the public by appointment. While the materials do not circulate, the library provides copy services as well as reference services. The library&#39;s catalog is accessible through the Elkhart Public Library Catalog.</p><br>
<h2>Facts</h2><br>
<p>Albert and Elizabeth Beardsley moved into their home in 1910 and for 14 years, Ruthmere was a place where they entertained friends and business associates. Elizabeth and Albert died within a few months of each other in 1924. Alberts nephew, Arthur Beardsley and his wife Stella lived at Ruthmere until Stellas death in 1940 and Arthur&#39;s death in 1944.</p><br>
<p>The Sherill and Helen Deputy family moved into Ruthmere in 1945, raising six boys in the house—the first and only children to ever call Ruthmere home. In 1969, the Deputys sold Ruthmere to the Beardsley Foundation, which restored the home to its former glory, with the express purpose of creating a museum for the community and the region.</p><br>
